See kirke in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern England"
],
"word": "kirk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-"
],
[
"*ḱuh₁ryós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱuh₁ryós"
],
[
"*kúrios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúrios"
],
[
"κῡ́ριος",
"κύριος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-kos"
],
[
"-κός",
"-κός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ακός",
"-ακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"chirche",
"chirche#Middle_English"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "non:kirkja",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nMiddle English kirke\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱuh₁ryós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúrios\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡ́ριος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡριακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-on\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡρῐᾰκόν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kirikā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ċiriċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kirkja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"kirke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"kirke\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċiriċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċiriċe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kirikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kirikā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirche",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of chirche",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1175"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1175",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nMiddle English kirke\nBorrowed from Old Norse kirkja, from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā; thus a doublet of chirche. First attested in c. 1175.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirkes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirck",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chirke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "kirke",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirke (plural kirkes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 1 16 1 7 7 7 13 1 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A church (Christian house of worship)"
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-DBuVJko1",
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#English"
],
[
"house",
"house#English"
],
[
"worship",
"worship#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A church service or ceremony."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-sKDZyy9g",
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"ceremony",
"ceremony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"A congregation; the clergy or worshippers of a church."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-v7NKCYeK",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"worshipper",
"worshipper"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"Christendom, the universal church; the whole of Christianity."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-WIIunGXj",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Christendom",
"Christendom"
],
[
"whole",
"whole"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 32 47 12 1 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"A regional branch of Christianity."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-M9QPwFWS",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"regional",
"regional"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 3 14 2 5 5 5 23 2 16 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 1 16 1 7 7 7 13 1 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 6 5 6 37 3 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Leicestershire Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 6 5 6 35 3 14 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 5 6 5 7 33 3 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 6 6 6 30 2 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 6 5 7 38 3 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northeast Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 6 5 6 38 3 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 5 5 7 38 3 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northwest Midland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 5 5 5 40 2 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 2 5 5 5 42 2 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 5 5 5 40 2 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 6 4 6 40 2 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rutland Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 2 6 5 5 24 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 6 3 11 14 29 1 19 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 2 4 4 4 33 1 21 11",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Places of worship",
"orig": "enm:Places of worship",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"the Roman Catholic Church."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-YMRoLqqZ",
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Roman Catholic Church",
"Roman Catholic Church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"(specifically) the Roman Catholic Church."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A group of like-minded people."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-qId2sU~P",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"like-minded",
"like-minded"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A group of like-minded people."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 1 16 1 7 7 7 13 1 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A temple or synagogue; a non-Christian house of worship."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-1BqZtiMf",
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
],
[
"synagogue",
"synagogue"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A temple or synagogue; a non-Christian house of worship."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 1 16 1 7 7 7 13 1 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clergy; ordained individuals."
],
"id": "en-kirke-enm-noun-qmu~~pBn",
"links": [
[
"Clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Clergy; ordained individuals."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkirk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kirk/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "kirke"
}
{
"categories": [
"Leicestershire Middle English",
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English poetic terms",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Koine Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-",
"Northeast Midland Middle English",
"Northern Middle English",
"Northwest Midland Middle English",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rutland Middle English",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Places of worship",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"Northern England"
],
"word": "kirk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "kirk"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-"
],
[
"*ḱuh₁ryós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱuh₁ryós"
],
[
"*kúrios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúrios"
],
[
"κῡ́ριος",
"κύριος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-kos"
],
[
"-κός",
"-κός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ακός",
"-ακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"chirche",
"chirche#Middle_English"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "non:kirkja",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nMiddle English kirke\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱuh₁ryós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúrios\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡ́ριος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡριακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-on\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡρῐᾰκόν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kirikā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ċiriċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kirkja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"kirke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"kirke\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċiriċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċiriċe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kirikā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kirikā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chirche",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of chirche",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1175"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1175",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nMiddle English kirke\nBorrowed from Old Norse kirkja, from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā; thus a doublet of chirche. First attested in c. 1175.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirkes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kirc",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirck",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chirke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kerk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "kirke",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirke (plural kirkes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A church (Christian house of worship)"
],
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#English"
],
[
"house",
"house#English"
],
[
"worship",
"worship#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A church service or ceremony."
],
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"ceremony",
"ceremony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"A congregation; the clergy or worshippers of a church."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"congregation",
"congregation"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"worshipper",
"worshipper"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"Christendom, the universal church; the whole of Christianity."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Christendom",
"Christendom"
],
[
"whole",
"whole"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"A regional branch of Christianity."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"regional",
"regional"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"the Roman Catholic Church."
],
"links": [
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"organisation",
"organisation"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
],
[
"Roman Catholic Church",
"Roman Catholic Church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A religious organisation or institution:",
"(specifically) the Roman Catholic Church."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"specifically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A group of like-minded people."
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"like-minded",
"like-minded"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A group of like-minded people."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A temple or synagogue; a non-Christian house of worship."
],
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
],
[
"synagogue",
"synagogue"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A temple or synagogue; a non-Christian house of worship."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Clergy; ordained individuals."
],
"links": [
[
"Clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"ordain",
"ordain"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Clergy; ordained individuals."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chirche"
}
],
"tags": [
"Norfolk",
"North",
"Northern",
"error-unknown-tag",
"poetic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkirk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kirk/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "kirke"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kirke meaning in Middle English (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.